Dengue, a viral infection from the dengue virus (DENV), spreads to humans via mosquito bites. Roughly 50% of the global population faces dengue risk, leading to an annual estimate of 100–400 million infections.
Here are the Signs and Symptoms!
Symptoms emerge around 4 to 10 days after initial infection, often mild and resembling flu, or other conditions.
Young children and first-time sufferers may experience milder illness than older individuals.
Common symptoms, lasting 2 to 7 days, comprise:
- High fever (up to 106°F or 41°C)
- Headache
- Swollen lymph glands
- Intense joint and muscle pains
- Skin rash (appearing 2 to 5 days after initial fever)
Signs
- Belly pain and tenderness
- Mild to severe vomiting (occurring three times in 24 hours)
- Nose or gum bleeding
- Vomiting blood or blood in stool
- Fatigue, restlessness, or irritability
Diagnosing Dengue Fever
Doctors employ blood tests to detect dengue virus antibodies or infection presence.
Two types of tests:
- Virological (direct virus testing, often complex)
- Serological (antibody detection)
Seeking medical attention if dengue symptoms follow international travel is advised.
Managing Dengue Fever
Fluid Intake: Maintain adequate fluid intake to prevent dehydration. Oral rehydration solutions can be used to replenish lost fluids and electrolytes.
Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen (paracetamol) are generally recommended for managing fever and pain. Avoid using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen, as they can increase the risk of bleeding.
Hospitalization: Severe dengue cases may require hospitalization for close monitoring and supportive care. Fluid replacement, blood transfusions, and other interventions may be necessary.
Rest: Adequate rest helps the body recover and regain strength.
Monitoring and Complications
Monitor Symptoms: Keep track of symptoms and seek medical attention if they worsen or new complications arise.
Warning Signs: Be aware of warning signs of severe dengue, such as persistent vomiting, severe abdominal pain, bleeding from the gums or nose, difficulty breathing, and fatigue.
Dengue’s Serious Complication: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
Risk factors include prior dengue infection antibodies and a weak immune system.
DHF is characterized by high fever, lymphatic and blood vessel damage, bleeding from various sites, liver enlargement, and circulatory failure.
DHF can lead to Dengue Shock Syndrome with low BP, weak pulse, clammy skin, and extreme restlessness, possibly resulting in excessive bleeding or death.
Preventing Dengue
Dengvaxia, a new vaccine approved in 2019 for some countries, requires three doses over six months.
Key prevention method: Avoiding mosquito bites and reducing mosquito population.
Measures in High-risk Areas
- Avoid densely populated places.
- Apply mosquito repellent indoors and outdoors.
- Wear protective clothing.
- Use air conditioning and secure window/door screens.
- Eliminate mosquito breeding sites: birdbaths, empty containers, etc.
Preventing mosquito breeding involves regular checks and maintenance of potential water collection areas.
